Italy has announced plans to finalize a nuclear energy roadmap by the end of 2027, signaling a significant policy reversal nearly four decades after banning nuclear power. Energy Minister Gilberto Pichetto Fratin revealed the timeline in an interview with Il Sole 24 Ore, emphasizing nuclear power’s role in decarbonizing Italy’s economy and ensuring energy security.
Prime Minister Giorgia Meloni's right-wing government has prioritized nuclear energy as a complement to renewables in Italy's energy mix. Small modular reactors (SMRs) and advanced modular reactors are expected to play a pivotal role in reducing carbon emissions in heavy industries such as steel, glass, and tile production.
"Italy is ready to return to nuclear power, a crucial choice that will not replace renewables but will complement them, ensuring a balanced and sustainable energy mix," Pichetto Fratin stated.
A draft law proposing regulatory changes to lift Italy’s nuclear ban will be submitted for Cabinet approval within the next two weeks. This marks a significant step toward legalizing new nuclear technologies following referendums in 1987 and 2011 that prohibited nuclear power in the country.
Italy’s government estimates that nuclear energy could save €17 billion in decarbonization costs by 2050 if nuclear power contributes at least 11% of the national energy mix. The National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) projects that nuclear energy could constitute up to 22% of Italy’s energy portfolio.
The transition to nuclear energy aligns with Italy’s broader decarbonization goals under the European Union’s Green Deal. Nuclear energy is considered critical for addressing Italy’s heavy reliance on gas imports and ensuring energy security amid geopolitical uncertainties.
Despite the ban on nuclear power, Italy has retained significant expertise in the field.
Global Partnerships
The Italian government has initiated discussions with international energy companies, including:
These companies are potential partners in the development of advanced nuclear technologies and reactors. In November 2024, Enel announced plans to collaborate with other groups on advanced nuclear technology, but formal agreements are still pending.
Despite the ambitious plans, challenges remain:
Italy’s return to nuclear power marks a bold step in its transition toward a low-carbon future. With a clear roadmap and the support of domestic and international partners, the initiative could position Italy as a leader in advanced nuclear energy technologies within Europe. The government’s ability to navigate political, regulatory, and technological challenges will ultimately determine the success of this transformative policy.